What are the Different Types of Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is a common treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. It works by targeting rapidly dividing cells in the body that include cancer cells. Over the years, innovation in medical research has led to the development of chemotherapy.

This blog will make you aware of the different types of chemotherapy, the best oncology centre . best oncology centre and the best cancer treatment hospitals.

There are different types of chemotherapy treatment based on cancer type, patient health, and risk factors. It can be used in combination with other treatment methods, such as radiation or surgical therapy. In some cases, chemotherapy may be used before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove.

Alkylating Agents

Chemotherapy drugs work by targeting the DNA or RNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from multiplying and growing. A cancer specialist doctor uses to treat various cancers, including leukaemia, lymphoma, lung cancer and breast cancer.

Some of the drugs that are used-

• Cyclophophamide
• Ifosfamide
• Melphalan

Pros: Effective for a wide range of cancers, but generally good at treating slow-growing cancers.

Cons: It can affect bone marrow, leading to low blood cell counts.

Antimetabolites

Antimetabolites interfere with the ability of cancer cells to grow and divide. Cancer cells rely on certain natural substances to grow; this drug imitates these substances, sneaking into the cells and disrupting their function.

They are commonly used for cancers such as leukaemia, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.

Some of the drugs that are used-

• Methotrexate
• 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
• Gemcitabine

Pros: Effective against various cancers, such as breast, ovarian, and gastrointestinal cancers.

Cons: It may cause nausea, fatigue, and an increased risk of infections.

Anti-Tumor Antibiotics

These drugs prevent cancer cells from reproducing by altering DNA. They are effective against a range of cancers, including lung and breast cancer.

Drugs that are used -

• Doxorubicin
• Bleomycin
• Mitomycin C

Pros: Studies suggest that certain anti-tumour antibiotics can enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by making cancer cells easier to treat.

Cons: It can cause heart damage with prolonged use.

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

The inhibitors block enzymes that help cancer cells multiply. They are often used for leukaemia and lung cancer.

Drugs that are used -

• Etoposide
• Irinotecan
• Topotecan

Pros: These drugs prevent cancer cells from repairing DNA damage, leading to apoptosis (cell death), which helps in reducing tumour growth.

Cons: It may lead to hair loss, diarrhea, and low blood cell counts.

Mitotic Inhibitors

Mitotic Inhibitors stop cancer cells from dividing and spreading. They are commonly used for breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma.

Drugs that are used -

• Paclitaxel
• Vincristine
• Docetaxel

Pros: These drugs especially interfere with the M phase of the cell cycle, preventing cancer cells from dividing while minimising damage to non-dividing healthy cells.

Cons: It can cause nerve damage, leading to tingling or numbness.

Miscellaneous Drugs

Some Drugs that are not included in these categories and used in a unique way to treat-

• All-trans-retinoic acid
• Arsenic trioxide
• Asparaginase
• Eribulin
• Hydroxyurea
• Ixabepilone
• Mitotane

According to recent studies, researchers are focusing on targeted therapies or immunotherapy, which aim to reduce side effects while effectively treating cancer. New chemotherapy combinations are being tested to improve patient outcomes. Advances in chemotherapy, such as drugs like Botensilimab from Agenus, Inc. company and unvozertinib from AstraZeneca (these drugs are not yet approved).

Finding the Right Treatment

Which is the right chemotherapy for you depends on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer. Consulting with a cancer specialist doctor at the best oncology centre can help determine the most suitable chemotherapy treatment.

Narayan Cancer Centre is considered one of the best cancer treatment hospitals in Patna, where advanced treatment, specialised oncologists, and 24*7 therapeutic services are available. Being hopeful and positive is one of the best ways to beat Cancer that a patient can do.